%% [[Deciding]] people:: #people/garyklein | #people/endsley Lon Setnik dates:: 2022-11-13 %% *How someone or a team is aware of the true state of the world in order to make the best prediction, decision and choice of action.* This reminds me of [[Identifying Reality]], and the role that [[exteroception]], [[interoception]], and [[Teaming by Amy Edmondson]] play in distributing the work of constructing a [[shared mental model]]. *How are you aware of, make sense of, and plan from the situation.* This reminds me of [[ways of knowing]], [[Perspectival knowing]] and [[Propositional Knowing]]. I's kind of like [[signal to noise]], how can you see the signal in the noise? It's also like [[first seek to understand]]. Limited research shows that you can train situational awareness in healthcare emergency settings (surgical esp.) - (Graafland, 2014) ![[Endsley-SA-model.jpg]] Endsley's model of SA. This is a synthesis of versions she has given in several sources, notably in 1995[[44]]_] Situational awareness is the act of perceiving the data available, understanding that data, and projecting likely future states to promote decisions and actions. > **situational awareness** or situation awareness (SA) is the perception of environmental elements and events with respect to time or space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their future status. An alternative definition is that situation awareness is adaptive, externally-directed consciousness that has as its products knowledge about a dynamic task environment and directed action within that environment. The formal definition of SA is broken down into three segments: perception of the elements in the environment, comprehension of the situation, and projection of future status. Three facets of SA have been in focus in research: SA states, SA systems, and SA processes. SA states refers to the actual awareness of the situation. SA systems refers to the distribution of SA in teams and between objects in the environment, and to the exchange of SA between system parts. SA processes refers to the updating of SA states, and what guides the moment-to-moment change of SA. Situational Awareness is the steps of - perception (being aware of the data) - cognition (making sense of the data) - projection (planning based on the data) This matters because, especially when [[Leading]], we can end up with [[Blind Spot]], and if people don't share their [[unique information]], we lack the proper perception. If we are having our [[cognitive load]] overwhelmed so we cannot do the work of [[sensemaking]] in that moment, we can distribute some of that to other members of the team or cognitive aids. If we can do the team-based perception and the cognition, then we have a chance at the projection to move forward in the proper direction and propose a plan. ![[CleanShot 2022-11-13 at 21.54.22.jpg]] If you are facing [[cognitive biases]] to your [[cognitive frames]], which could really be [[emotion changes the world we are in]] and in teams [[Emotions live between people rather than within]] you and your team will make incorrect [[Assumptions]] and lead to incorrect understanding, projection, decisions, and eventually actions. ### The reconciliation cycle - Experts (surgeons in this literature) are constantly seeking information and transforming information in a process that is intertwined. - There is active interplay between the goals of identifying the salient information and making meaning or transforming that into ideas connected to the bigger picture ![[Reconciliation Cycle.jpg]] (Cristancho et al., 2016) ## When attention can’t keep up In “The art of misdirection” by Apollo Robbins, we see how rapidly changing someone’s focus of attention helps get them to be blinded to reality. Moving from attending to processing to attending is confusing and disorienting to our “Frank,” the homunculus that we have (in a [[dual-subject fallacy]] moment) that is attending to the outside world. ## Questions to ask [[Right Kind of Wrong - the science of failing well]] - Where am I? - What's at stake? ![[Situational Awareness Check.jpg]] ### What would the opposite argument be? An early criticism of the definition and model illustrates a reasoning fallacy which has yet to be addressed in the development of SA definition and theory: Clearly, SA is an appropriately descriptive label for a real and important behavioral phenomenon. The danger comes when researchers slip into thinking of SA as an objective cause of anything. A statement that SA or loss of SA is the leading cause of human error in military aviation mishaps might be criticised as circular reasoning: How does one know that SA was lost? Because the human responded inappropriately? Why did the human respond inappropriately? Because SA was lost. Is this keen insight or muddled thinking There are NOT good measures of situational awareness in healthcare teams. One article has looked at this in OB/GYN (Morgan, 2015) Anesthesiologists are not good at situational awareness based on eye tracking during intubation (Grudgeiger, 2022) %% tags: #note/idea | #on/decisions | #on/awareness | #on/team | #on/diversity %% ## Sources: > > [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation%20awareness) Cristancho, S. M., Apramian, T., Vanstone, M., Lingard, L., Ott, M., Forbes, T., & Novick, R. (2016). Thinking like an expert: Surgical decision making as a cyclical process of being aware. _The American Journal of Surgery_, _211_(1), 64–69. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.03.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.03.010) Graafland, M., Schraagen, J. M. C., Boermeester, M. A., Bemelman, W. A., & Schijven, M. P. (2014). Training situational awareness to reduce surgical errors in the operating room. _British Journal of Surgery_, _102_(1), 16–23. [https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9643](https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9643) Grundgeiger, T., Hohm, A., Michalek, A., Egenolf, T., Markus, C., & Happel, O. (2022). The Validity of the SEEV Model as a Process Measure of Situation Awareness: The Example of a Simulated Endotracheal Intubation. _Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society_, _64_(7), 1181–1194. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720821991651](https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720821991651) Morgan, P., Tregunno, D., Brydges, R., Pittini, R., Tarshis, J., Kurrek, M., DeSousa, S., & Ryzynski, A. (2015). Using a situational awareness global assessment technique for interprofessional obstetrical team training with high fidelity simulation. _Journal of Interprofessional Care_, _29_(1), 13–19. [https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2014.936371](https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2014.936371) [The art of misdirection](https://youtu.be/GZGY0wPAnus?feature=shared) The art of misdirection YouTube video of pickpocket [[🐓 Idea Farm/Deadfall/For myself only/Readwise/Books/Teams That Work]] Chapter 6