%% [[Safety]] tags:: #note/idea | #on/safety | #on/wellness | #on/theory people:: Lon Setnik dates:: 2022-08-30 %% *Learning from all that we do every day and how our usual actions result in both positive and negative outcomes, if we only study our negative outcomes we miss the opportunity to learn from most of what we do and we overbalance towards the negative.* This reminds me of [[Identifying Reality]] and the importance of awareness of the real picture of reality. It's kind of like [[appreciation balances our negative tilt]], since we focus on the negative so often, we may need to tip towards the positive if we are going to build a wellness based meeting Safety II is an update to the focus of safety work being accidents and incidents, we focus on the every day actions and outcomes, looking at risks as well as opportunities. ![[CleanShot 2022-11-11 at 15.35.57.jpg]] This matters because this is a wholesome approach, that considers safety to be a zone that humans actively keep a patient in through both standard and appropriate variation to their work. ### What would the opposite argument be? > The **swiss cheese model** of accident causation is a model used in risk analysis and risk management, including aviation safety, engineering, healthcare, emergency service organizations, and as the principle behind layered security, as used in computer security and defense in depth. It likens human systems to multiple slices of Swiss cheese, stacked side by side, in which the risk of a threat becoming a reality is mitigated by the differing layers and types of defenses which are "layered" behind each other. Therefore, in theory, lapses and weaknesses in one defense do not allow a risk to materialize, since other defenses also exist, to prevent a single point of failure. The model was originally formally propounded by James T. Reason of the University of Manchester, and has since gained widespread acceptance. It is sometimes called the "cumulative act effect". > > Although the Swiss cheese model is respected and considered to be a useful method of relating concepts, it has been subject to criticism that it is used too broadly, and without enough other models or support. > > [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss%20cheese%20model)![[660px-Swiss_cheese_model.svg.png]] The major problem with the swiss cheese model is the issue of [[black swan events]], [[dealing with complexity]] and non-linearity. [[productivity is non-linear]] ## Sources: Hollnagel, E., Wears, R. L., & Braithwaite, J. (2015). _From Safety-I to Safety-II: A White Paper_. [https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4051.5282](https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4051.5282) Slater, D. (2016). _Risk Analysis—Do we need to update our old models?_ [https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1429.2720](https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1429.2720) Dieckmann, P., Patterson, M., Lahlou, S., Mesman, J., Nyström, P., & Krage, R. (2017). Variation and adaptation: Learning from success in patient safety-oriented simulation training. _Advances in Simulation_, _2_(1), 21. [https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-017-0054-1](https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-017-0054-1)